Faust Vrancic

Faust Vrancic

Faust Vrancic (or Faust Verantius, 1551-1617) from Sibenik was the author of a five language dictionary “Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europeae linguarum: Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Hungaricae” (Venice, 1595), with more than 5000 words (i.e. altogether 25000 words), where Dalmaticae means Croatian language. Indeed, in his dictionary the words Dalmata, Dalmatia, Dalmaticae are translated as Croat, Croatian land, Croatian respectively. It is known that Vrancic was fluent in at least seven languages. See p. 13 of his Dictionarium:

Faust Vrancic considered that the Dalmatian language was the most beautiful among Slavic languages, and that it was spoken from Adriatic sea to rivers of Drava and Danube. In the second edition to his dictionary, issued in collaboration with a Prague Benedictine Petar Loderecker, the Latin description of Dalmatian language was given as follows: the Croatian language. See [Malic, Na izvorima hrvatskoga jezika, p. 28].


Faust Vrancic (1551-1617), distinguished Croatian inventor and encyclopaedist, is burried upon his last wish, 
on the island of Prvic near the city of Sibenik on Croatian coast. In the appendix to his dictionary he gave a list of several hundred Croatian words that entered the Hungarian language (Vocabula dalmatica quae Ungri sibi usurparunt). His book had a great influence on the formation of both Croatian and Hungarian orthography (Hungarian orthography accepted most of Vrancic’s suggestions – usage of ly, ny, sz, and even cz, see [Hrvatska/Madarska], p. 94). It represents also the first dictionary of Hungarian language. The book had six editions, three of them out of Croatia: in Venice, Prague and Pozun (Bratislava).
Vrancic’s dictionary is dedicated to Alfonso Carillo, a Spanish Jesuit who supported its publication.

His work was an important source for the creation of several subsequent European dictionaries: Hungarian – Italian dictionary written by Bernardino Bali, “Thesaurus polyglottus” by a German humanist and lexicographer Hieronim Megister (1603, “editio secunda ” in 1613), and “Dictionarium septem diversarum linguarum (Videlecit Latine, Italice, Dalmatice, Bohemice, Plonice, Germanice et Ungarice)” written by a Czech Benedictine Peterus Lodereckerus Pragensus in 1605.


Peter Loderecker: Dictionarium septem diversarum linguarum, Videlecit Latine, Italice, Dalmatice, Bohemice, Polonice, 
Germanice et Ungarice, Prague 1605

Faust Vrancic was a chancellor on the Court of king Rudolph II in Prague (Hradcany) from 1581 to 1594, where also a famous musician Adrian de Vries, astronomer Tycho Brache, mathematician and astrologer Johannes Kepler were present. He also wrote about logic and ethics. However, his major contributions are related to numerous technical inventions.

Faust Vrancic, scrollable books, National and University Library, Zagreb

Faust Vrancic 1551-1617 Memorial Center on the island of Prvic near the town of Sibenik in Croatia

An interesting and surprising fact about Faust Vrancic’s “Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europeae linguarum: Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Hungaricae”, published in Venice in 1595, (i.e., from Dictionary of Five Most Noble European Languages: Latin, Italian, German, Croatian and Hungarian), is that it provides a long list of Croatian (Dalmatian) words which entered into Hungarian vocabulary:

The list of Croatian words that entered Hungarian vocabulary

Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europeae linguarum: Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Hungaricae

It is surprising that at that time (16-17th centuries), among most noble European languagues in Vrancic’s dictionary, there is neither English, nor French, nor Castillian nor Portugese.

Faust Vrancic also wrote Xivvot nikoliko izabraniih divviicz (The Life of Some Virgins), written in Croatian and published in Rome, AD 1606 (on the above photo, taken in 2017 during the exhibition dedicated to Faust Vrancic, organized by the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts).

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